Sumela Monastery
Sumela Monastery (Greek: Μονή Παναγίας Σουμελά, Moní Panagías Soumelá; Turkish: Sümela Manastırı), located on the western slopes of the Virgin Mary Stream (Ancient Greek name: Panagia), located within the borders of Altındere valley in Maçka district of Trabzon Province, Kara (Greek: Sou Melá, meaning "Black Mountain") is a Greek Orthodox monastery and church complex located at an altitude of 1,150 m above sea level. It is thought that the church was built between 365-395 AD. It was built in the style of Cappadocian churches, which are common in Anatolia; There is even a similar cave church in Maşatlık in Trabzon. Not much is known about the thousand-year between the first establishment of the church and its transformation into a monastery. Thereupon, unaware of each other, they came to Trabzon by sea, met there and told each other the dreams they had, and laid the first foundation of the church. However, Trabzon Emperor III. Alexios (1349-1390) is thought to be the true founder of the monastery. After the Ottoman conquest, the status of the monastery, which served as an outpost in the defense of the city, which was exposed to Turkmen raids in the 14th century, did not change. It is known that Yavuz Sultan Selim gave two large candlesticks during his prince hood in Trabzon. Fatih Sultan Mehmed, II. Murat, I. Selim, II. Selim, III. Murad, İbrahim, IV. Mehmed, II. Solomon and III. Ahmed also has a decree about the monastery. The concessions provided to the monastery during the Ottoman period created an area surrounded by Christian and secret Christian villages especially in Maçka and northern Gümüşhane during the Islamization of Trabzon and Gümüşhane regions.
During the Russian occupation from April 18, 1916, until February 24, 1918, it became the headquarters of Greek militias who wanted to establish an independent Pontus state like other monasteries around Maçka and lost its importance after the population exchange and the sending of the Christians in the region to Greece. It was abandoned to its fate until it was recently repaired by the Ministry of Culture.
The Greeks of the Black Sea who migrated to Greece with the population exchange built a new church in the city of Veria, which they named Sumela. Every year in August, they organize festivals with wide participation around the new monastery, just like they did in Trabzon Sumela in the past.
With the permission of the government in the Republic of Turkey in 2010. Christians, the Virgin Mary, which is considered as the day of Ascension and the sacred 15th of August after 88 years together for the first rite organized, ritual Istanbul Greek Orthodox Patriarchate Ecumenical Patriarch has directed Bartholomew I of Constantinople. The main elements of the monastery complex are the Rock Church, several chapels, kitchens, student rooms, a guest house, a library, and a sacred source revered by Eastern Orthodox Christians.
The large aqueduct at the entrance providing water to the monastery was built on the edge of the cliff. The aqueduct has numerous arches, most of which have been restored. The entrance to the monastery goes up a long and narrow staircase. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down to the inner courtyard from there. On the left, in front of a cave, are several monastery buildings. Transformed into a church, the cave forms the center of the monastery. The library is on the right.
The large building with a balcony at the front of the cliff was used to house the monks' cells and guests. It dates from 1840. Restoration works in 2019 The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. The inner wall of the Kaya Church facing the courtyard is lined by frescoes from the reign of Alexios III from Trabzon. The frescoes of the chapel painted on three levels in three different periods, date from the beginning of the 18th century. The frescoes of the lower band are of superior quality. The frescoes of the monastery were badly damaged by vandalism. The main subject of the frescoes are biblical scenes that tell the story of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. During the 2015-2017 restoration work, a secret tunnel was discovered leading to a place believed to serve as a temple or chapel for Christians. Invisible frescoes were also discovered depicting heaven and hell, as well as life and death.